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重庆建立公司网站,做窗帘的效果图网站,在手机上怎么赚钱,包头网站建设多少钱概述 在开发 AI 代理应用时#xff0c;错误处理是确保应用稳定性和用户体验的关键。本文将介绍完整的错误处理方法、代码示例和优雅处理失败的策略。 为什么错误处理很重要#xff1f; 想象一下#xff0c;如果你的 AI 助手在用户提问时突然崩溃#xff0c;或者显示一堆…概述在开发 AI 代理应用时错误处理是确保应用稳定性和用户体验的关键。本文将介绍完整的错误处理方法、代码示例和优雅处理失败的策略。为什么错误处理很重要想象一下如果你的 AI 助手在用户提问时突然崩溃或者显示一堆技术错误信息用户会有什么感受好的错误处理就像给你的应用装上安全气囊在出现问题时保护应用不崩溃给用户友好的提示记录问题以便修复自动恢复或重试常见的错误类型1. 网络错误API 调用超时网络连接中断DNS 解析失败2. API 错误API 密钥无效配额超限速率限制模型不可用3. 输入错误消息过长格式不正确包含非法内容4. 系统错误内存不足磁盘空间不足依赖服务不可用错误处理的基本原则1. 捕获所有异常❌ 不好的做法不处理异常public async Taskstring ProcessMessage(string message) { // 如果出错整个应用会崩溃 var thread new AgentThread(); await thread.AddUserMessageAsync(message); var response await _agent.InvokeAsync(thread); return response.Content; }✅ 好的做法捕获并处理异常public async Taskstring ProcessMessage(string message) { try { var thread new AgentThread(); await thread.AddUserMessageAsync(message); var response await _agent.InvokeAsync(thread); return response.Content; } catch (Exception ex) { // 记录错误 Console.WriteLine($错误: {ex.Message}); // 返回友好的错误消息 return 抱歉我遇到了一些问题。请稍后再试。; } }2. 区分不同类型的错误public async Taskstring ProcessMessageWithDetailedErrorHandling(string message) { try { var thread new AgentThread(); await thread.AddUserMessageAsync(message); var response await _agent.InvokeAsync(thread); return response.Content; } catch (HttpRequestException ex) { // 网络错误 Console.WriteLine($网络错误: {ex.Message}); return 网络连接出现问题请检查网络后重试。; } catch (TaskCanceledException ex) { // 超时错误 Console.WriteLine($请求超时: {ex.Message}); return 请求超时请稍后重试。; } catch (UnauthorizedAccessException ex) { // 认证错误 Console.WriteLine($认证失败: {ex.Message}); return 服务认证失败请联系管理员。; } catch (ArgumentException ex) { // 输入错误 Console.WriteLine($输入错误: {ex.Message}); return $输入有误: {ex.Message}; } catch (Exception ex) { // 其他未知错误 Console.WriteLine($未知错误: {ex.Message}); return 抱歉发生了未知错误。我们会尽快修复。; } }3. 实现重试机制对于临时性错误如网络波动应该自动重试。public class RetryPolicy { private readonly int _maxRetries; private readonly TimeSpan _initialDelay; public RetryPolicy(int maxRetries 3, TimeSpan? initialDelay null) { _maxRetries maxRetries; _initialDelay initialDelay ?? TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); } // 指数退避重试 public async TaskT ExecuteWithRetryAsyncT(FuncTaskT action) { int attempt 0; TimeSpan delay _initialDelay; while (true) { try { return await action(); } catch (Exception ex) when (IsTransientError(ex) attempt _maxRetries) { attempt; Console.WriteLine($尝试 {attempt}/{_maxRetries} 失败: {ex.Message}); Console.WriteLine($等待 {delay.TotalSeconds} 秒后重试...); await Task.Delay(delay); // 指数退避每次延迟时间翻倍 delay TimeSpan.FromSeconds(delay.TotalSeconds * 2); } catch (Exception ex) { // 非临时性错误或重试次数用尽 Console.WriteLine($操作失败: {ex.Message}); throw; } } } // 判断是否为临时性错误 private bool IsTransientError(Exception ex) { return ex is HttpRequestException || ex is TaskCanceledException || ex is TimeoutException || (ex.Message?.Contains(429) ?? false) || // 速率限制 (ex.Message?.Contains(503) ?? false); // 服务不可用 } }使用重试策略public class ResilientAgentService { private readonly ChatCompletionAgent _agent; private readonly RetryPolicy _retryPolicy; public ResilientAgentService(ChatCompletionAgent agent) { _agent agent; _retryPolicy new RetryPolicy(maxRetries: 3); } public async Taskstring ProcessMessageAsync(string message) { return await _retryPolicy.ExecuteWithRetryAsync(async () { var thread new AgentThread(); await thread.AddUserMessageAsync(message); var response await _agent.InvokeAsync(thread); return response.Content; }); } }4. 实现断路器模式当服务持续失败时应该暂时停止调用避免雪崩效应。public class CircuitBreaker { private int _failureCount 0; private DateTime _lastFailureTime DateTime.MinValue; private CircuitState _state CircuitState.Closed; private readonly int _failureThreshold; private readonly TimeSpan _timeout; public CircuitBreaker(int failureThreshold 5, TimeSpan? timeout null) { _failureThreshold failureThreshold; _timeout timeout ?? TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1); } public async TaskT ExecuteAsyncT(FuncTaskT action) { // 检查断路器状态 if (_state CircuitState.Open) { // 检查是否可以尝试恢复 if (DateTime.UtcNow - _lastFailureTime _timeout) { _state CircuitState.HalfOpen; Console.WriteLine(断路器进入半开状态尝试恢复...); } else { throw new InvalidOperationException(服务暂时不可用请稍后重试); } } try { var result await action(); // 成功重置计数器 if (_state CircuitState.HalfOpen) { _state CircuitState.Closed; Console.WriteLine(断路器已关闭服务恢复正常); } _failureCount 0; return result; } catch (Exception ex) { _failureCount; _lastFailureTime DateTime.UtcNow; Console.WriteLine($操作失败 ({_failureCount}/{_failureThreshold}): {ex.Message}); // 达到阈值打开断路器 if (_failureCount _failureThreshold) { _state CircuitState.Open; Console.WriteLine($断路器已打开将在 {_timeout.TotalSeconds} 秒后尝试恢复); } throw; } } public CircuitState State _state; } public enum CircuitState { Closed, // 正常状态 Open, // 断开状态停止调用 HalfOpen // 半开状态尝试恢复 }使用断路器public class ProtectedAgentService { private readonly ChatCompletionAgent _agent; private readonly CircuitBreaker _circuitBreaker; public ProtectedAgentService(ChatCompletionAgent agent) { _agent agent; _circuitBreaker new CircuitBreaker(failureThreshold: 5); } public async Taskstring ProcessMessageAsync(string message) { try { return await _circuitBreaker.ExecuteAsync(async () { var thread new AgentThread(); await thread.AddUserMessageAsync(message); var response await _agent.InvokeAsync(thread); return response.Content; }); } catch (InvalidOperationException ex) when (ex.Message.Contains(服务暂时不可用)) { return 服务正在维护中请稍后再试。; } } }完整的错误处理框架1. 自定义异常类型// 基础异常类 public class AgentException : Exception { public AgentException(string message) : base(message) { } public AgentException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException) { } } // API 相关异常 public class ApiException : AgentException { public int? StatusCode { get; } public ApiException(string message, int? statusCode null) : base(message) { StatusCode statusCode; } } // 配额超限异常 public class QuotaExceededException : ApiException { public QuotaExceededException(string message) : base(message, 429) { } } // 输入验证异常 public class ValidationException : AgentException { public ValidationException(string message) : base(message) { } } // 配置异常 public class ConfigurationException : AgentException { public ConfigurationException(string message) : base(message) { } }2. 错误处理中间件public class ErrorHandlingMiddleware { private readonly ILogger _logger; public ErrorHandlingMiddleware(ILogger logger) { _logger logger; } public async TaskResultT ExecuteAsyncT(FuncTaskT action) { try { var result await action(); return ResultT.Success(result); } catch (ValidationException ex) { _logger.LogWarning(ex, 输入验证失败); return ResultT.Failure(输入验证失败: ex.Message); } catch (QuotaExceededException ex) { _logger.LogWarning(ex, 配额超限); return ResultT.Failure(请求过于频繁请稍后再试); } catch (ApiException ex) { _logger.LogError(ex, API 调用失败); return ResultT.Failure($服务调用失败 (状态码: {ex.StatusCode})); } catch (ConfigurationException ex) { _logger.LogError(ex, 配置错误); return ResultT.Failure(服务配置错误请联系管理员); } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.LogError(ex, 未知错误); return ResultT.Failure(发生未知错误请稍后重试); } } } // 结果类型 public class ResultT { public bool IsSuccess { get; } public T Value { get; } public string Error { get; } private Result(bool isSuccess, T value, string error) { IsSuccess isSuccess; Value value; Error error; } public static ResultT Success(T value) new(true, value, null); public static ResultT Failure(string error) new(false, default, error); }3. 日志记录public interface ILogger { void LogInfo(string message); void LogWarning(Exception ex, string message); void LogError(Exception ex, string message); } public class ConsoleLogger : ILogger { public void LogInfo(string message) { Console.WriteLine($[INFO] {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - {message}); } public void LogWarning(Exception ex, string message) { Console.WriteLine($[WARN] {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - {message}); Console.WriteLine($ 异常: {ex.Message}); } public void LogError(Exception ex, string message) { Console.WriteLine($[ERROR] {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - {message}); Console.WriteLine($ 异常: {ex.Message}); Console.WriteLine($ 堆栈: {ex.StackTrace}); } }4. 完整的错误处理服务public class RobustAgentService { private readonly ChatCompletionAgent _agent; private readonly RetryPolicy _retryPolicy; private readonly CircuitBreaker _circuitBreaker; private readonly ErrorHandlingMiddleware _errorHandler; private readonly ILogger _logger; public RobustAgentService(ChatCompletionAgent agent) { _agent agent; _retryPolicy new RetryPolicy(maxRetries: 3); _circuitBreaker new CircuitBreaker(failureThreshold: 5); _logger new ConsoleLogger(); _errorHandler new ErrorHandlingMiddleware(_logger); } public async TaskResultstring ProcessMessageAsync(string message) { return await _errorHandler.ExecuteAsync(async () { // 输入验证 ValidateInput(message); // 使用断路器和重试策略 return await _circuitBreaker.ExecuteAsync(async () { return await _retryPolicy.ExecuteWithRetryAsync(async () { _logger.LogInfo($处理消息: {message.Substring(0, Math.Min(50, message.Length))}...); var thread new AgentThread(); await thread.AddUserMessageAsync(message); var response await _agent.InvokeAsync(thread); _logger.LogInfo(消息处理成功); return response.Content; }); }); }); } private void ValidateInput(string message) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(message)) throw new ValidationException(消息不能为空); if (message.Length 4000) throw new ValidationException(消息长度不能超过 4000 字符); } }使用示例基本使用public class Program { public static async Task Main(string[] args) { // 初始化代理 var chatClient new AzureOpenAIClient( new Uri(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT)), new ApiKeyCredential(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY)) ).GetChatClient(gpt-35-turbo); var agent new ChatCompletionAgent( chatClient: chatClient, name: RobustAgent, instructions: 你是一个可靠的助手 ); var service new RobustAgentService(agent); // 处理用户消息 Console.WriteLine(请输入消息输入 exit 退出); while (true) { Console.Write(\n用户: ); var input Console.ReadLine(); if (input?.ToLower() exit) break; // 处理消息 var result await service.ProcessMessageAsync(input); if (result.IsSuccess) { Console.WriteLine($AI: {result.Value}); } else { Console.WriteLine($错误: {result.Error}); } } } }高级使用带监控和告警public class MonitoredAgentService { private readonly RobustAgentService _service; private int _totalRequests 0; private int _successfulRequests 0; private int _failedRequests 0; public MonitoredAgentService(RobustAgentService service) { _service service; } public async TaskResultstring ProcessMessageAsync(string message) { _totalRequests; var startTime DateTime.UtcNow; var result await _service.ProcessMessageAsync(message); var duration DateTime.UtcNow - startTime; if (result.IsSuccess) { _successfulRequests; } else { _failedRequests; // 如果失败率过高发送告警 if (GetFailureRate() 0.5) // 失败率超过 50% { SendAlert($警告失败率过高 ({GetFailureRate():P})); } } // 记录指标 Console.WriteLine($[指标] 总请求: {_totalRequests}, $成功: {_successfulRequests}, $失败: {_failedRequests}, $成功率: {GetSuccessRate():P}, $耗时: {duration.TotalSeconds:F2}秒); return result; } private double GetSuccessRate() _totalRequests 0 ? (double)_successfulRequests / _totalRequests : 0; private double GetFailureRate() _totalRequests 0 ? (double)_failedRequests / _totalRequests : 0; private void SendAlert(string message) { Console.WriteLine($\n 告警: {message}\n); // 实际实现发送邮件、短信或推送通知 } }错误处理检查清单在部署应用之前使用这个清单检查错误处理[ ]异常捕获[ ] 所有 API 调用都有 try-catch[ ] 区分不同类型的异常[ ] 记录所有异常信息[ ]重试机制[ ] 实现了指数退避重试[ ] 设置了合理的重试次数[ ] 只对临时性错误重试[ ]断路器[ ] 实现了断路器模式[ ] 设置了合理的失败阈值[ ] 配置了恢复超时时间[ ]用户体验[ ] 错误消息友好易懂[ ] 不暴露技术细节[ ] 提供解决建议[ ]日志记录[ ] 记录所有错误[ ] 包含足够的上下文信息[ ] 不记录敏感信息[ ]监控告警[ ] 监控错误率[ ] 配置告警阈值[ ] 及时响应告警小结错误处理是构建可靠应用的基础关键要点捕获所有异常不要让应用崩溃区分错误类型不同错误不同处理实现重试机制自动恢复临时性错误使用断路器防止雪崩效应友好的错误消息让用户知道发生了什么完善的日志帮助快速定位问题持续监控及时发现和解决问题记住好的错误处理不是避免错误而是优雅地处理错误。更多AIGC文章RAG技术全解从原理到实战的简明指南更多VibeCoding文章